Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46)

Marginal note:Fear of certain offences

• 810.01 (1) A person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person will commit an offence under section 423.1 or a criminal organization offence may, with the Attorney General’s consent, lay an information before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Appearances

  (2) A provincial court judge who receives an information under subsection (1) may cause the parties to appear before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Adjudication

  (3) If the provincial court judge before whom the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the informant has reasonable grounds for the fear, the judge may order that the defendant enter into a recognizance to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.

• Marginal note:Duration extended

  (3.1) However, if the provincial court judge is also satisfied that the defendant was convicted previously of an offence referred to in subsection (1), the judge may order that the defendant enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than two years.

• Marginal note:Refusal to enter into recognizance

  (4) The provincial court judge may commit the defendant to prison for a term not exceeding twelve months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Conditions in recognizance

  (4.1) The provincial court judge may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the judge considers desirable for preventing the commission of an offence referred to in subsection (1), including conditions that require the defendant

  • (a) to participate in a treatment program;

  • (b) to wear an electronic monitoring device, if the Attorney General makes the request;

  • (c) to remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the judge;

  • (d) to return to and remain at their place of residence at specified times;

  • (e) to abstain from the consumption of drugs, except in accordance with a medical prescription, of alcohol or of any other intoxicating substance;

  • (f) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation on the demand of a peace officer, a probation officer or someone designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(a) to make a demand, at the place and time and on the day specified by the person making the demand, if that person has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant has breached a condition of the recognizance that requires them to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance; or

  • (g) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation at regular intervals that are specified, in a notice in Form 51 served on the defendant, by a probation officer or a person designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(b) to specify them, if a condition of the recognizance requires the defendant to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.

• Marginal note:Conditions — firearms

  (5) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the defendant’s safety or that of any other person, to prohibit the defendant from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, firearm part, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things. If the judge decides that it is desirable to do so, the judge shall add that condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which the condition applies.

• Marginal note:Surrender, etc.

  (5.1) If the provincial court judge adds a condition described in subsection (5) to a recognizance, the judge shall specify in the recognizance how the things referred to in that subsection that are in the defendant’s possession shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with and how the authorizations, licences and registration certificates that are held by the defendant shall be surrendered.

• Marginal note:Reasons

  (5.2) If the provincial court judge does not add a condition described in subsection (5) to a recognizance, the judge shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding the condition.

• Marginal note:Variance of conditions

  (6) A provincial court judge may, on application of the informant, the Attorney General or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Other provisions to apply

  (7) Subsections 810(4) and (5) apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to recognizances made under this section.

• Definition of Attorney General

  (8) With respect to proceedings under this section, Attorney General means either the Attorney General of Canada or the Attorney General of the province in which those proceedings are taken and includes the lawful deputy of any of them.

Marginal note:Fear of terrorism offence

• 810.011 (1) A person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person may commit a terrorism offence may, with the Attorney General’s consent, lay an information before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Appearances

  (2) The provincial court judge who receives an information under subsection (1) may cause the parties to appear before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Adjudication

  (3) If the provincial court judge before whom the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the informant has reasonable grounds for the fear, the judge may order that the defendant enter into a recognizance, with or without sureties, to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.

• Marginal note:Duration extended

  (4) However, if the provincial court judge is also satisfied that the defendant was convicted previously of a terrorism offence, the judge may order that the defendant enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than five years.

• Marginal note:Refusal to enter into recognizance

  (5) The provincial court judge may commit the defendant to prison for a term of not more than 12 months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Conditions in recognizance

  (6) The provincial court judge may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the judge considers desirable to secure the good conduct of the defendant, including conditions that require the defendant

  • (a) to participate in a treatment program;

  • (b) to wear an electronic monitoring device, if the Attorney General makes that request;

  • (c) to return to and remain at their place of residence at specified times;

  • (d) to abstain from the consumption of drugs, except in accordance with a medical prescription, of alcohol or of any other intoxicating substance;

  • (e) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation on the demand of a peace officer, a probation officer or someone designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(a) to make a demand, at the place and time and on the day specified by the person making the demand, if that person has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant has breached a condition of the recognizance that requires them to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance; or

  • (f) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation at regular intervals that are specified, in a notice in Form 51 served on the defendant, by a probation officer or a person designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(b) to specify them, if a condition of the recognizance requires the defendant to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.

• Marginal note:Conditions — firearms

  (7) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the defendant’s safety or that of any other person, to prohibit the defendant from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, firearm part, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things. If the judge decides that it is desirable to do so, the judge shall add that condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.

• Marginal note:Surrender, etc.

  (8) If the provincial court judge adds a condition described in subsection (7) to a recognizance, the judge shall specify in the recognizance how the things referred to in that subsection that are in the defendant’s possession shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with and how the authorizations, licences and registration certificates that are held by the defendant shall be surrendered.

• Marginal note:Condition — passport

  (9) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to secure the good conduct of the defendant, to include in the recognizance a condition that the defendant deposit, in the specified manner, any passport or other travel document issued in their name that is in their possession or control. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.

• Marginal note:Condition — specified geographic area

  (10) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to secure the good conduct of the defendant, to include in the recognizance a condition that the defendant remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the judge or any individual designated by the judge. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.

• Marginal note:Reasons

  (11) If the provincial court judge does not add a condition described in subsection (7), (9) or (10) to a recognizance, the judge shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding it.

• Marginal note:Variance of conditions

  (12) A provincial court judge may, on application of the informant, the Attorney General or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Other provisions to apply

  (13) Subsections 810(4) and (5) apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to recognizances made under this section.

• Definition of Attorney General

  (14) With respect to proceedings under this section, Attorney General means either the Attorney General of Canada or the Attorney General of the province in which those proceedings are taken and includes the lawful deputy of any of them.

• Marginal note:Annual report

  (15) Each year, the Attorney General of Canada shall prepare and cause to be laid before each House of Parliament a report setting out the number of recognizances entered into under this section in the previous year.

Marginal note:Fear of forced marriage or marriage under age of 16 years

• 810.02 (1) A person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person will commit an offence under paragraph 273.3(1)(d) or section 293.1 or 293.2 may lay an information before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Appearances

  (2) The judge who receives the information may cause the parties to appear before a provincial court judge.

• Marginal note:Adjudication

  (3) If the provincial court judge before whom the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the informant has reasonable grounds for the fear, the judge may order that the defendant enter into a recognizance to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.

• Marginal note:Duration extended

  (4) However, if the provincial court judge is also satisfied that the defendant was convicted previously of an offence referred to in subsection (1), the judge may order that the defendant enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than two years.

• Marginal note:Refusal to enter into recognizance

  (5) The provincial court judge may commit the defendant to prison for a term not exceeding 12 months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Conditions in recognizance

  (6) The provincial court judge may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the judge considers desirable to secure the good conduct of the defendant, including conditions that

  • (a) prohibit the defendant from making agreements or arrangements for the marriage, whether in or outside Canada, of the person in respect of whom it is feared that the offence will be committed;

  • (b) prohibit the defendant from taking steps to cause the person in respect of whom it is feared that the offence will be committed to leave the jurisdiction of the court;

  • (c) require the defendant to deposit, in the specified manner, any passport or any other travel document that is in their possession or control, whether or not such passport or document is in their name or in the name of any other specified person;

  • (d) prohibit the defendant from communicating, directly or indirectly, with any specified person, or refrain from going to any specified place, except in accordance with any specified conditions that the judge considers necessary;

  • (e) require the defendant to participate in a treatment program, including a family violence counselling program;

  • (f) require the defendant to remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the provincial court judge; and

  • (g) require the defendant to return to and remain at their place of residence at specified times.

• Marginal note:Conditions — firearms

  (7) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the defendant’s safety or that of any other person, to prohibit the defendant from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, firearm part, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things. If the judge decides that it is desirable to do so, the judge shall add that condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which the condition applies.

• Marginal note:Surrender, etc.

  (8) If the provincial court judge adds a condition described in subsection (7) to a recognizance, the judge shall specify in the recognizance how the things referred to in that subsection that are in the defendant’s possession are to be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with and how the authorizations, licences and registration certificates that are held by the defendant are to be surrendered.

• Marginal note:Variance of conditions

  (9) A provincial court judge may, on application of the informant or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.

Marginal note:Fear of domestic violence

• 810.03 (1) Any person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person will commit an offence that will cause personal injury to the intimate partner or a child of the other person, or to a child of the other person’s intimate partner, may lay an information before a justice.

• Marginal note:Appearances

  (2) The justice who receives an information under subsection (1) may cause the parties to appear before a justice.

• Marginal note:Recognizance order

  (3) If the justice before whom the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the informant has reasonable grounds for the fear, the justice may order the defendant to enter into a recognizance to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.

• Marginal note:Duration extended

  (4) However, if the justice is also satisfied that the defendant was previously convicted of an offence in the commission of which violence was used, threatened or attempted against any intimate partner of the defendant or any child of any intimate partner or of the defendant, the justice may order the defendant to enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than two years.

• Marginal note:Indigenous support services

  (4.1) If the defendant or the person on whose behalf the information is laid is Indigenous, the justice shall consider whether, instead of making an order under subsection (3) or (4), it would be more appropriate to recommend that Indigenous support services, if any are available, be provided.

• Marginal note:Refusal to enter into recognizance

  (5) The justice may commit the defendant to prison for a term not exceeding 12 months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Conditions in recognizance

  (6) The justice may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the justice considers desirable to ensure the good conduct of the defendant or to secure the safety and security of the intimate partner or a child of the defendant, or a child of the defendant’s intimate partner, including conditions requiring the defendant

  • (a) to attend a treatment program, such as an addiction treatment program or a domestic violence counselling program;

  • (b) to remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the justice;

  • (c) to refrain from going to any specified place or being within a specified distance of any specified place, except in accordance with any specified conditions that the justice considers necessary;

  • (d) to wear an electronic monitoring device, with the consent of the Attorney General;

  • (e) to abstain from communicating, directly or indirectly, with the intimate partner, a child of the intimate partner or of the defendant or any relative or close friend of the intimate partner, except in accordance with any specified conditions that the justice considers necessary;

  • (f) to abstain from the consumption of drugs — except in accordance with a medical prescription — of alcohol or of any other intoxicating substance;

  • (g) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation on the demand of a peace officer, a probation officer or someone designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(a) to make a demand, at the place and time and on the day specified by the person making the demand, if that person has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant has breached a condition of the recognizance requiring them to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance; or

  • (h) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation at regular intervals that are specified, in a notice in Form 51 served on the defendant, by a probation officer or a person designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(b) to specify them, if a condition of the recognizance requires the defendant to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.

• Marginal note:Conditions — firearms

  (7) The justice shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the intimate partner’s safety or that of any other person, to prohibit the defendant from possessing any firearm, crossbow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, firearm part, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things. If the justice decides that it is desirable to do so, the justice shall add that condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which the condition applies.

• Marginal note:Surrender, etc.

  (8) If the justice adds a condition described in subsection (7) to a recognizance, the justice shall specify in the recognizance how the things referred to in that subsection that are in the defendant’s possession shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with and how the authorizations, licences and registration certificates held by the defendant shall be surrendered.

• Marginal note:Reasons

  (9) If the justice does not add a condition described in subsection (7) to a recognizance, the justice shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding the condition.

• Marginal note:Variance of conditions

  (10) A justice may, on application of the Attorney General, the informant, the person on whose behalf the information is laid or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.

• Marginal note:Consideration of safety and security needs

  (11) If the defendant makes an application under subsection (10), the justice shall, before varying any conditions, consider the safety and security needs of the person on whose behalf the information is laid.

• Marginal note:Form — warrant of committal

  (12) A warrant of committal to prison for failure or refusal to enter into the recognizance under subsection (3) may be in Form 23.

• Marginal note:Provisions of this Part to apply

  (13) The provisions of this Part apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to proceedings under this section.